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Capacitance and voltage

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Mechanical Universe Capacitance and Voltage

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funding for this program was provided by I'd like to tell you the story have an accident that happened to a certain professor Russian Brook at the University of Leiden in the year 1745 it was believed it at the time that electricity might be a kind of fluid and wishing Brook wanted to make a solution of the electric and so a friend of his name's Andreas Cornelius wife is assistant or water like this in his hand and put into it a stopper let me have the nail first out of generating machine something like that into the water and make a solution with it and then when he grab the nail support out of the water and absolutely shocking discovery 73rd at all he just found himself another volunteer and went on with his research Discovery would be one of the most important 18th century because before it electricity was a mere curiosity something genuinely powerful appreciate the discovery the time you have to understand something about the way science was done people experiments on electricity on the kind of fraternity and like any fraternity just had its rules and its ritual instruments at the time every electrician himself on his ability to judge the strength of electricity by peeling the shop reproduce something like a chef tasting the soup no electrician would think of sending an experiment that without feeling the shop well before the discovery of the Leyden jar that was homeless different matter it was not a good time to be an electrician was the first one to do it and you later wrote to a friend that you wouldn't do it again for all the kingdom of France nevertheless every electrician has to feel a German electrician in St Clair it turned out that line drawers were very easy to make but it was very difficult to understand why they were and perhaps the most shocking thing about the whole Affair was Randy explanation finally came from it came from an obscure printer in a quaint little village across the Atlantic Ocean and his name of course was Benjamin Franklin in his own time zone to his countrymen has the wiser young colonists rapper England and France today we think of him as a Statesman he is in fact a serious and very important player in the history of science and by far is most important scientific had to do with electricity in the late 18th century people around the world were fascinated by the phenomenon of electricity in Japan they said the people for and held hands and then a brave soul touch something called a capacitor of course that might have been just a rumor because in the days when Benjamin Franklin stroll the Streets of Philadelphia acknowledge electricity could fit into a Leyden jar Professor motion Brock and is like jars do a lot of attention in Holland Mr cuthbertson's devices in the 1780s beyond the laboratory Philadelphia positively peril in his own words Franklin describe the dangers of electricity it seems the universal blow throughout the body violent freak family my breast bone is sore for a week obviously discovered how to conduct electrical experiments for the record however um after all he was the first to publish the theory of electric charge and electric for the details would be worked out later but in modern terms where was Franklin at it vicinity of a positive charge external forces when needed to push the charger closer Electric Forest positive if a motion has a component negative work if it has a component of course the electric force and the displacement vector is equal to the change in the charge is call the difference in electrical potential and it's measurement ER how many years before Faraday discovered the electric field as the electric atmosphere the atmosphere Rose an electric fluid that terminates every object on earth everything in turn was a sponge of source which might soak up the electric fluid positively charged with electric fluid but if an object doesn't have enough electric fluid then it's negatively charged attract each other two objects that are positively charged each other positive charge and negative charge are still in use what's better understanding their meanings have changed today it's understood that there are in fact two different types of electricity positive charge and negative charge I realize for breakfast as the world's foremost scientist in the field of electricity it was the printing press not sign that created his fortune and in the process spread his reputation the shop in 1748 a certain amount of printers ink flow through Franklin's veins for the rest of his life never content with me American history Franklin prefer to go out and make it in trouble but if I was an important presence in The Colony he was absolutely legendary in Europe he was an enormously popular figure in England in France philosopher in the same credibly from the uncivilized American Comedy he was also remarkably lucky just hours before everybody's pretentious of the court of Louis XVI and its own hair the child of nature from the backwood what's the extent of Frankenstein the lightning rod glass harmonica rocking chair the Franklin stove and even daylight savings time eventually become his trademark optimistic a serious game to be sure but also a challenge of Limitless possibility for those questions from Xperia you studied everything in great detail in part because of his writings concluded from the exercise patience God walking to and from his house from the scientific point of view the most exciting thing was is perception of the electric fluid itself so hard to read an imperfection or two in dr. Franklin's Theory it was the most of them extended was correct things to come what Franklin sauce the electric atmosphere is seen in modern terms as the electric field is present around the only object that carries an electric charge of course positive charge and negative charge are balanced the object inside any piece of metal is zero which means a test charger Woodfield Mall inside the piece of metal charged electrically charged conductors to create electric eels outside themselves at all because there's a bound to be a difference in potential between but since there's no field inside the potential is the same everywhere in the middle each piece of metal is a region of constant of hydro the potential difference between two pieces of metal how much net charge each one have negative charge lowers the potential and positive charge races the Pokemon in the 1700 dr. Frank Ocean to get such a clear picture of electric potential open shared with his colleagues throughout your is this America in Franklin also paid considerable attention to the great minds of the past Sir Isaac Newton Newton's theory of universal gravitation Electric Forest there are two kinds of electric shock electrical charges that are unblocked and charges that are alike repel each other that's one reason why a battery create an electric field battery is connected between two pieces of metal charge to flow from one to the other so we could charge personality is called modern capacitor who discovered the Natural Science Franklin has seen lightning bolts for what they are expanded metal pole the lightning rod from the roof of the building play somewhere near the Rock in theory the spark would jump from the metal to the wire the experiment follow them to the letter and successfully perform the experiment of course Franklin has no way of knowing that when it came time to put his own theory and practice how far more dangerous manner instead of using a lightning rod to draw electricity from the sky he use the kite and instead of a separate wire on the Fateful night standing out from the kite string them as a distance from the key directly to the bare knuckle Franklin experience to feeling it never forget the greatest discovery was not made with lightning bolt and it was here rather than in the stormy sky in Franklin revolutionized the signs of heavy they were having large amounts of what is knowledge he was the first to figure out how a capacitor works he realized that the electric fluid was neither being created nor destroyed it was really falling from one place to another and I are from the conductor inside the jar to the conductor on the outside other words for lighting jar was the first primitive electric capacitor any two pieces of metal can form a capacitor turn the two pieces of metal parallel plate capacitor or Auto Parts Insurance Between the Sheets two sheets of opposite charge attract each other and hold each other in place that's why I could pass at her to such a useful nearby the charge a capacitor does proportional to the area of the play I realize we're connected together properly properly measure in parallel a series of the other actually created choose to be an excellent arrangement in Franklin called in the electric battery another term that has a different meaning today but the important thing is not the term it's the idea only Ben Franklin Bridge it didn't take a fancy lighting jar to hold on to electricity a simple pair of parallel metal plates would do inaccuracy scientific Milestone but even sell Ben Franklin establish the first public Hospital the first public library in the first fire department as a delegate to the Albany Congress of 1754 proposed Union of the colonies for almost countless real Benjamin Franklin National Treasure in this room since of a scholar and a moderation of a statement Ben Franklin the greatest of the natural Philosophy for today throughout the world of science Franklin was very very clever first invention with a lightning rod rod should have pointed ends on them and his English competitor the Franklin was right he had the right idea but at that time we weren't on very good terms something going on call the Revolutionary War in England would have rounded knobs when Georgia try to do with the change of nature by means of a royal crazy you can't do that of course it takes an axe to fall me before the invention of a lightning rod a thunderstorm with an absolutely terrifying phenomenon there was no protection against typically towns when a thunderstorm was approaching would have the church bells run in order to try to scare it away but of course the church Tahoe is usually the highest thing in town and strike the church on the  self cord and dispatch the bell ringer the invention of a lightning rod was the first demonstration that are theoretical understanding of science could leave forces of nature the psychological impact of that Discovery is with us to this very day story next time funding for this program was provided by the Annenberg cpb project you can take a video course for credit or teach one you can buy these programs on videocassette M&R printing audio material you can join in our workshops or learn more about Math and Science Education reform talk to it the Annenberg cpb project www.learner.org 1-800 learner

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