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Circuits The Mechanical Universe

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Uses the analogy of aqueducts to explain electrical circuits.

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funding for this program was provided by project I thought it time is class has some class a scientist has to be given in formal attire and there's no place that that was more true than at the famous Royal Institution this particular public lecture what do I do in a picture because it was intended by the Prince of Wales bro I'm not sure which one the reason that this lecture is worth remembering today is not because it was attended by the Prince of Wales its beak West Electra as Michael Faraday in fact it was at Electra just like this one at the young Michael Faraday became so entranced with science that he decided to give up his promising career as an apprentice book binder put in that series of witches there is an impression on the entire tradition his name was Charles wheatstone and he was a key figure in working out electricity practical and those nuts and bolts are on a subject for today are no more important to the history of civilization simple call blocker learning to control in harness water has been a critical ingredient in the development of civilization it was no accident the Tigris and Euphrates every society has to develop the means to manipulate control distributor of water for irrigation for the draining of swamps the growth of City Justice Network the Empire survived because the aqueducts brought down freshwater from the hills of Alvin most complex. distributed to the cities bath buildings and fountains country is another flowing technology begin to develop electricity Thomas Edison they also created ways to generate and distribute electricity days since Addison's Illuminating station was the world's Premier power plant engineers and develop much more subtle way to use the flow of electricity a single computer chip contains an electric circuit is complex as the street map of an entire city distance of a major city depends on many of the circus more than a freeway without an engineering miracle Miracle is called a metropolitan Water District what are circuits 63000 cubic meters of water per hour 1.3 amps of electric current makes life possible the flow of electricity makes life possible how much light depends on the amount of current which is measured in amps coulomb of charge per second flowing through the circuit in other words electric current is the charge Q everywhere along the wire because of water it just keeps falling off call River ZIP code for that electricity was basically a static field until 18 invented the battery power tile made a sustained flow of electricity possible to open the floodgates of progress sir humphry Davy soon extracted brilliant new metal sodium and potassium from the common salt soda and potash years later but the current from a giant pile and so discovered electromagnetism in the 19th century Thomas Edison use the continuous play also use that car for Effective device invented by others the telegraph much earlier Carl Friedrich Gauss and hurston's twisted compass needle could cause the other soon came to the same realization Health Department Apartments of long distance calling for shortly Charles wheatstone a musical instrument maker and a student of acoustic he found the solution to this dilemma obscure German professor George Simon home abstract experiment the voltage is increased in proportion to the distance which donut verify how to make a material voltage is needed current is always proportional call Theresa since this equation is known as a resistor Ohm's law isn't the fundamental laws of nature of practical situations the telegraph invention in the chair and took the train weather information on the entire Railroad people said electricity used travel but there was no stopping f***** wires and rails together played the same vital role rivers that long played cargo pant ideas miles and miles of wire information follows from the Practical use of Ohm's law much the same way those Engineers have long known which water flows through a pipe actors the slope of the land of the pressure applied viscosity and density of water imprecise analogy the amount of electric current that flows through a resistor depends on the voltage drop across how wide and how long is and what it's made of the resistance of a resistor is proportional to its inverse trig National two exterior and proportional to its resistivity this tendency to resist resistors to a certain one after another has the same these are called resistors in series putting resistor side by side these are called resistors in parallel and they have a lower resistance than either one alone sections of pipe series is the same as I'm so the resistance movement more water more easily these particular price a lot of water in 600 feet from the Colorado River flow down to Los Angeles however because the day pumping station were designed to carry away so much water the project itself encounter some stiff resistance especially from Arizona the state which happens to be on the other side of the river construction began in 1934 the Arizona State militia in this case the basic is clear California was at the expense of Arizona Natural resistance to the progress of electrons what is the nature of a resistance under the influence of an electric field good morning for resistance like a falling body in a vacuum on the average at a constant speed resistivity is Mike discography in other words in a conductor electricity inside a metal in all directions here just a few of them are Representatives. giant molecule this kind of phone electrostatic equilibrium there's no electric field inside age difference from one end to the other what makes an electric current flow is destroyed metal accelerate like a penny falling in a vacuum in the real world Alan Perfect Purity thermal energy the force of the electric field teaching profession all that's stopping and restarting produces the resistance that prevents the electron flow from building up to be electrons in constant current imperfections electrical energy and about a hundred years ago I do Rose from Becky if a resistor gets hot enough the right materials of course all circuits don't blow but they all produce heat whether it's wanted or not Bruce Springsteen fans are used to eliminate unwanted Heat some super computers generate so much heat that they require it takes your mom to charge this close Times fiction car Power consumed is equal to the current times the voltage you should always wrong also be written as I squared r or V squared over r and what's the result well to start with its measured in what multiply that flopped 5000 to get kilowatts X Bowers Parker Dam Generation 120 some water in the water system it's a powerful analogy that takes concrete shape here in this hydroelectric generating plant electricity energy hungry Society each person consume each family consumes about an a every year to deliver both water and power to the consumers Christmas first Master the Art and Science of circuit design common elements of Elementary electric circuits are wires and switches batteries resistors and capacitors increasing complexity a German physicist was King and I who owns wall generalizing for Circuit City total interception will equal the total current cure coughs other law of conservation of energy an electric charge around any complete circuit or loses energy confined to a circuit is it back to its starting point network is done the electric inside the circuit alarm close Pat has a special notation and interval sign with a circle the special case of an electric circuit is zero engineer is analyzed the most complex circuits even has a capacitor the total Rising voltage equals the total for all around the circuit a capacitor in an electric circuit stores chart much the same way Reservoir Stars water for later use and it takes time to fill or empty either one how much time that depends of course on how big the reservoir is and how much resistant there is to the water flowing have and the more the resistance exactly the same is true of charge draining from a capacitor the resistance of course there are no immediate plans to drain Lake Havasu to quench The Thirst of Los Angeles the Colorado which intern refilled the reservoir as part of a global cycle that conserves moisture electric circuits conserve charge and so to the motion of progress conservation things change the more they stay the same electricity as much as ancient Rome today we study the rules that make electricity practical people named and Charles wheatstone was in his own time but he was unknown to the public he was a shy man and More in front of an audience just like me in fact that was the cause the way in which he managed to change the tradition of public lectures at the Royal Institution Apparently one evening and 1846 it was Charles wheatstone who was the guy that evenings we sang panic and fled leaving nobody to give the lecture well Michael Faraday's stepped in and gave a brilliant and pain 2 extra speculating that life might be some kind of a disturbance of electricity in an idea that turned out to be exactly right many years later that tradition of public lectures at the Royal Institution continues to this very day every Friday evening at 8 celebrated scientists rest just like this in formal attire steps out before during audience to deliver Elektra on the latest developments in science but for a half hour before that scientist has been kept locked in a room to make sure that he doesn't reach them and run away at the very last minute and that's the reason that I was kept locked in that room until the I'll see you next time funding for this program was provided by project you can order these programs on video cuz Dad and I are friends and audio materials talk to us the Annenberg cpb project www.learner.org 1-800 learner

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Circuits The Mechanical Universe

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